Research expeditions, including observation campaigns and household surveys, are conducted by urbisphere team members to specific focused cities: Berlin, Paris, Bristol, London, Freiburg, Stuttgart, Heraklion, Nairobi, Beijing, Colombo and Lahore.

The implementation of these campaigns and surveys contributes to scientific gains as to the state-of-the-art research, leading to a multiscale modelling and assessment system of urban areas determining vulnerability and adaptive capacities of cities.

In this context, the Smart Urban Observation System (SmUrObS), which requires a broad range of data to characterise the city form and function across wide range of scales, is utilized, tested and validated to ensure comparability and deployments in the different focused cities.

More information about implemented or planned observations and campaigns are included in the following links for each focused city: